Wave Optics question bank (Physics)

Unpolarized light of intensity $I_0$ is made to pass through three polarizers $P_1$, $P_2$ and $P_3$ successively. The polarization axis of $P_2$ makes an angle of $60^\circ$ with that of $P_1$, while that of $P_3$ makes an angle of $45^\circ$ with that of the $P_2$. If $I_0 = xI_3$, the value of '$x$' is $\left(\cos 45^\circ = \dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}, \cos 60^\circ = \dfrac{1}{2}\right)$

When light waves travel from rarer medium to denser medium, the qunatities which get changed are