Medical & healthcare

NEET PG & INI-CET - Pre-Clinical Sciences (Anatomy, Physiology & Biochemistry) previous year questions (PYQ)

31,272 previous year NEET PG & INI-CET - Pre-Clinical Sciences (Anatomy, Physiology & Biochemistry) questions, grouped by year, with answers and solutions.

2026 (30459 questions)

Q1.
In clinical evaluation regarding carbon dioxide transport in blood (Case Vignette #323): Which of the following observations or mechanisms is most accurate?

(A)
Majority of CO2 is carried as carbamino compounds on albumin
(B)
CO2 does not enter erythrocytes during peripheral transit
(C)
The majority of CO2 is carried in plasma as bicarbonate (HCO3-)
(D)
Majority of CO2 is physically dissolved in plasma
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Q2.
In clinical evaluation regarding normal cardiac cycle events (Case Vignette #165): Which of the following observations or mechanisms is most accurate?

(A)
The dicrotic notch corresponds to mitral valve closure
(B)
Isovolumetric contraction begins with closure of AV valves and ends with semilunar valve opening
(C)
Isovolumetric relaxation occurs while aortic valve remains open
(D)
Rapid ejection begins with mitral valve opening
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2025 (65 questions)

Q1.

Refer to the Case Study 'Case Study: Hazardous Enterprise and Supreme Court Doctrine of Absolute Liability' to answer:

What is the crucial legal distinction between the English rule of 'Strict Liability' and Indian 'Absolute Liability'?


(A)
Absolute Liability admits of no statutory exceptions whatsoever (such as Act of God, third-party act, or consent)
(B)
Absolute liability applies only to government-owned public sector enterprises
(C)
Strict liability requires proof of criminal mens rea while absolute liability does not
(D)
Absolute liability caps total damage compensation at 1 lakh rupees
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Q2.

Directions: In the question below, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Choose the correct option:

Assertion (A): Diamond sparkles brilliantly with internal radiance.

Reason (R): Total internal reflection of light occurs inside diamond because its critical angle is exceptionally small (approximately 24.4°).


(A)
Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(B)
Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(C)
Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false.
(D)
Assertion (A) is false but Reason (R) is true.
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2024 (125 questions)

Q1.
In clinical evaluation regarding damage to the common peroneal (fibular) nerve at the fibular neck (Case Vignette #62): Which of the following observations or mechanisms is most accurate?

(A)
Trendelenburg gait due to gluteal weakness
(B)
Foot drop with loss of eversion and dorsiflexion of the foot
(C)
Sensory loss confined strictly to the sole of the foot
(D)
Inability to plantarflex with loss of Achilles reflex
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Q2.
In clinical evaluation regarding compression in the carpal tunnel beneath the flexor retinaculum (Case Vignette #7): Which of the following observations or mechanisms is most accurate?

(A)
Radial nerve compression causing wrist drop
(B)
Musculocutaneous nerve compression causing biceps paralysis
(C)
Median nerve compression affecting thenar muscles and lateral 3.5 digits sensation
(D)
Ulnar nerve compression causing claw hand
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2023 (63 questions)

Q1.
In clinical evaluation regarding normal cardiac cycle events (Case Vignette #58): Which of the following observations or mechanisms is most accurate?

(A)
The dicrotic notch corresponds to mitral valve closure
(B)
Isovolumetric relaxation occurs while aortic valve remains open
(C)
Rapid ejection begins with mitral valve opening
(D)
Isovolumetric contraction begins with closure of AV valves and ends with semilunar valve opening
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Q2.
In clinical evaluation regarding compression in the carpal tunnel beneath the flexor retinaculum (Case Vignette #49): Which of the following observations or mechanisms is most accurate?

(A)
Ulnar nerve compression causing claw hand
(B)
Musculocutaneous nerve compression causing biceps paralysis
(C)
Median nerve compression affecting thenar muscles and lateral 3.5 digits sensation
(D)
Radial nerve compression causing wrist drop
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2022 (76 questions)

Q1.
In clinical evaluation regarding damage to the common peroneal (fibular) nerve at the fibular neck (Case Vignette #6): Which of the following observations or mechanisms is most accurate?

(A)
Foot drop with loss of eversion and dorsiflexion of the foot
(B)
Inability to plantarflex with loss of Achilles reflex
(C)
Sensory loss confined strictly to the sole of the foot
(D)
Trendelenburg gait due to gluteal weakness
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Q2.
In clinical evaluation regarding lesion of the optic chiasm secondary to a pituitary adenoma (Case Vignette #4): Which of the following observations or mechanisms is most accurate?

(A)
Bitemporal hemianopia due to compression of crossing nasal retinal fibers
(B)
Homonymous hemianopia due to optic tract lesion
(C)
Binasal hemianopia due to internal carotid calcification
(D)
Monocular blindness of the ipsilateral eye
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2021 (67 questions)

Q1.

Directions: In the question below, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Choose the correct option:

Assertion (A): Diamond sparkles brilliantly with internal radiance.

Reason (R): Total internal reflection of light occurs inside diamond because its critical angle is exceptionally small (approximately 24.4°).


(A)
Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(B)
Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(C)
Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false.
(D)
Assertion (A) is false but Reason (R) is true.
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Q2.
In clinical evaluation regarding thrombosis of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (aica) (Case Vignette #4): Which of the following observations or mechanisms is most accurate?

(A)
Weber syndrome with third nerve palsy
(B)
Lateral pontine syndrome with ipsilateral facial paralysis and deafness
(C)
Lateral medullary syndrome with dysphagia and hoarseness
(D)
Medial medullary syndrome with contralateral hemiparesis
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2020 (64 questions)

Q1.
In clinical evaluation regarding neuromuscular transmission mechanism (Case Vignette #21): Which of the following observations or mechanisms is most accurate?

(A)
Acetylcholine activates muscarinic M2 receptors at skeletal motor end plates
(B)
Depolarization of axon terminal opens voltage-gated Ca2+ channels, triggering ACh exocytosis
(C)
Opening of voltage-gated K+ channels causes vesicle fusion
(D)
Curare irreversibly blocks presynaptic calcium entry
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Q2.
In clinical evaluation regarding fracture of the surgical neck of the humerus (Case Vignette #46): Which of the following observations or mechanisms is most accurate?

(A)
Axillary nerve and Posterior circumflex humeral artery
(B)
Radial nerve and Profunda brachii artery
(C)
Median nerve and Brachial artery
(D)
Ulnar nerve and Superior ulnar collateral artery
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2019 (70 questions)

Q1.
In clinical evaluation regarding renal clearance calculation (Case Vignette #17): Which of the following observations or mechanisms is most accurate?

(A)
Clearance of inulin equals the glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
(B)
Clearance of glucose exceeds inulin clearance
(C)
Clearance of urea is completely independent of flow rate
(D)
Clearance of PAH equals GFR
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Q2.
In clinical evaluation regarding compression in the carpal tunnel beneath the flexor retinaculum (Case Vignette #47): Which of the following observations or mechanisms is most accurate?

(A)
Musculocutaneous nerve compression causing biceps paralysis
(B)
Median nerve compression affecting thenar muscles and lateral 3.5 digits sensation
(C)
Ulnar nerve compression causing claw hand
(D)
Radial nerve compression causing wrist drop
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2018 (71 questions)

Q1.

Refer to the Case Study 'Case Study: The Chlor-Alkali Electrochemical Process in Chemical Industry' to answer:

Why is sodium hydroxide ($NaOH$) formed specifically in the cathode compartment?


(A)
Hydrated $Na^+$ ions migrate across the cation membrane and pair with $OH^-$ ions generated by water reduction
(B)
Solid sodium precipitates and reacts violently with ambient air
(C)
Chlorine gas dissolves in the catholyte forming hypochlorous acid
(D)
Anode corrosion releases basic sodium compounds
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Q2.

Refer to the Case Study 'Case Study: Hazardous Enterprise and Supreme Court Doctrine of Absolute Liability' to answer:

What is the crucial legal distinction between the English rule of 'Strict Liability' and Indian 'Absolute Liability'?


(A)
Absolute Liability admits of no statutory exceptions whatsoever (such as Act of God, third-party act, or consent)
(B)
Absolute liability applies only to government-owned public sector enterprises
(C)
Strict liability requires proof of criminal mens rea while absolute liability does not
(D)
Absolute liability caps total damage compensation at 1 lakh rupees
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2017 (74 questions)

Q1.

Directions: In the question below, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Choose the correct option:

Assertion (A): Work done by an electrostatic field in moving a test charge along a closed path is zero.

Reason (R): The electrostatic Coulomb force is a conservative force whose line integral around any closed loop vanishes identically.


(A)
Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(B)
Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(C)
Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false.
(D)
Assertion (A) is false but Reason (R) is true.
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Q2.

Refer to the Case Study 'Case Study: The Chlor-Alkali Electrochemical Process in Chemical Industry' to answer:

Why is sodium hydroxide ($NaOH$) formed specifically in the cathode compartment?


(A)
Hydrated $Na^+$ ions migrate across the cation membrane and pair with $OH^-$ ions generated by water reduction
(B)
Solid sodium precipitates and reacts violently with ambient air
(C)
Chlorine gas dissolves in the catholyte forming hypochlorous acid
(D)
Anode corrosion releases basic sodium compounds
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2016 (68 questions)

Q1.

Directions: In the question below, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Choose the correct option:

Assertion (A): Under the Constitution of India, the judiciary enjoys structural independence from executive and legislative interference.

Reason (R): Judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts have security of tenure and their judicial salaries are charged directly to the Consolidated Fund of India.


(A)
Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(B)
Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(C)
Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false.
(D)
Assertion (A) is false but Reason (R) is true.
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Q2.

Refer to the Case Study 'Case Study: Hazardous Enterprise and Supreme Court Doctrine of Absolute Liability' to answer:

Which Fundamental Right under Part III of the Constitution was invoked as the constitutional foundation for environmental protection?


(A)
Article 21: Right to Life and Personal Liberty (interpreted to include the right to a clean and wholesome environment)
(B)
Article 19(1)(g): Right to trade and business
(C)
Article 14: Right to equality before law
(D)
Article 25: Freedom of conscience
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2015 (70 questions)

Q1.
In clinical evaluation regarding developmental origin of the superior parathyroid glands (Case Vignette #64): Which of the following observations or mechanisms is most accurate?

(A)
Second pharyngeal pouch
(B)
Fourth pharyngeal pouch
(C)
First pharyngeal pouch
(D)
Third pharyngeal pouch
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Q2.

Directions: In the question below, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Choose the correct option:

Assertion (A): Metallic copper does not evolve hydrogen gas when reacted with dilute hydrochloric acid.

Reason (R): Copper has a positive standard reduction potential ($E^\circ = +0.34\text{ V}$) and lies below hydrogen in the electrochemical series.


(A)
Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(B)
Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(C)
Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false.
(D)
Assertion (A) is false but Reason (R) is true.
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