Medical & healthcare

NEET PG & INI-CET - Clinical Sciences (Medicine, Surgery, OBGY & Specialties) previous year questions (PYQ)

40,854 previous year NEET PG & INI-CET - Clinical Sciences (Medicine, Surgery, OBGY & Specialties) questions, grouped by year, with answers and solutions.

2026 (40600 questions)

Q1.
Clinical Scenario #135: A 45-year-old female presents with acute right upper quadrant pain, fever, and Murphy's sign on ultrasound examination. What is the most appropriate diagnosis and immediate management strategy?

(A)
Biliary colic resolving spontaneously within 15 minutes of antispasmodics
(B)
Acute calculous cholecystitis with gallstone impaction in the cystic duct
(C)
Acute cholangitis with Charcot's triad requiring immediate ERCP
(D)
Acute viral hepatitis with gross centrilobular hepatocyte necrosis
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Q2.
Clinical Scenario #4: A 32-year-old G2P1 at 34 weeks gestation presents with BP 164/110 mmHg, 3+ proteinuria, severe headache, and epigastric pain. What is the most appropriate diagnosis and immediate management strategy?

(A)
Chronic hypertension with superimposed nephrolithiasis; administer IV furosemide
(B)
Gestational hypertension; discharge with oral methyldopa and outpatient weekly follow-up
(C)
Preeclampsia with severe features; initiate IV magnesium sulfate for seizure prophylaxis and labetalol
(D)
HELLP syndrome requiring immediate emergency hysterotomy without seizure prophylaxis
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2025 (14 questions)

Q1.

Directions: In the question below, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Choose the correct option:

Assertion (A): Terrace farming is widely practiced in hilly and mountainous agro-ecosystems.

Reason (R): Terraces create stepped flat platforms along slopes that significantly reduce the surface velocity of water runoff and prevent topsoil erosion.


(A)
Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(B)
Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(C)
Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false.
(D)
Assertion (A) is false but Reason (R) is true.
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Q2.

Refer to the Case Study 'Case Study: Hazardous Enterprise and Supreme Court Doctrine of Absolute Liability' to answer:

What is the crucial legal distinction between the English rule of 'Strict Liability' and Indian 'Absolute Liability'?


(A)
Absolute Liability admits of no statutory exceptions whatsoever (such as Act of God, third-party act, or consent)
(B)
Absolute liability applies only to government-owned public sector enterprises
(C)
Strict liability requires proof of criminal mens rea while absolute liability does not
(D)
Absolute liability caps total damage compensation at 1 lakh rupees
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2024 (78 questions)

Q1.

Higher Academic Core: In advanced conceptual study of 'Cervical Ovarian and Endometrial Cancers' in Gynaecology & Reproductive Endocrinology, which foundational mechanism is universally verified?

(A)

Empirically validated biological, physical, or social dynamics following standard scientific methodology (Cervical Ovarian and Endometrial Cancers)

(B)

Unsubstantiated speculative claims lacking experimental replication or peer verification

(C)

Deterministic models that reject thermodynamic entropy and stochastic variance

(D)

Isolated observations taken under non-standard uncontrolled environmental extremes

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Q2.

Refer to the Case Study 'Case Study: Hazardous Enterprise and Supreme Court Doctrine of Absolute Liability' to answer:

What is the crucial legal distinction between the English rule of 'Strict Liability' and Indian 'Absolute Liability'?


(A)
Absolute Liability admits of no statutory exceptions whatsoever (such as Act of God, third-party act, or consent)
(B)
Absolute liability applies only to government-owned public sector enterprises
(C)
Strict liability requires proof of criminal mens rea while absolute liability does not
(D)
Absolute liability caps total damage compensation at 1 lakh rupees
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2023 (18 questions)

Q1.

Directions: In the question below, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Choose the correct option:

Assertion (A): Diamond sparkles brilliantly with internal radiance.

Reason (R): Total internal reflection of light occurs inside diamond because its critical angle is exceptionally small (approximately 24.4°).


(A)
Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(B)
Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(C)
Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false.
(D)
Assertion (A) is false but Reason (R) is true.
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Q2.

Directions: In the question below, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Choose the correct option:

Assertion (A): Work done by an electrostatic field in moving a test charge along a closed path is zero.

Reason (R): The electrostatic Coulomb force is a conservative force whose line integral around any closed loop vanishes identically.


(A)
Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(B)
Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(C)
Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false.
(D)
Assertion (A) is false but Reason (R) is true.
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2022 (25 questions)

Q1.

Directions: In the question below, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Choose the correct option:

Assertion (A): An employer is vicariously liable for tortious civil wrongs committed by an employee during the authorized course of employment.

Reason (R): The doctrine of vicarious liability is founded on the legal maxims *respondeat superior* (let the master answer) and *qui facit per alium facit per se*.


(A)
Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(B)
Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(C)
Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false.
(D)
Assertion (A) is false but Reason (R) is true.
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Q2.

Directions: In the question below, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Choose the correct option:

Assertion (A): An employer is vicariously liable for tortious civil wrongs committed by an employee during the authorized course of employment.

Reason (R): The doctrine of vicarious liability is founded on the legal maxims *respondeat superior* (let the master answer) and *qui facit per alium facit per se*.


(A)
Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(B)
Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(C)
Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false.
(D)
Assertion (A) is false but Reason (R) is true.
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2021 (15 questions)

Q1.

Refer to the Case Study 'Case Study: Hazardous Enterprise and Supreme Court Doctrine of Absolute Liability' to answer:

What is the crucial legal distinction between the English rule of 'Strict Liability' and Indian 'Absolute Liability'?


(A)
Absolute Liability admits of no statutory exceptions whatsoever (such as Act of God, third-party act, or consent)
(B)
Absolute liability applies only to government-owned public sector enterprises
(C)
Strict liability requires proof of criminal mens rea while absolute liability does not
(D)
Absolute liability caps total damage compensation at 1 lakh rupees
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Q2.

Directions: In the question below, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Choose the correct option:

Assertion (A): A convex mirror is commonly used as a driver's rear-view mirror in automobiles.

Reason (R): A convex mirror always forms an erect, virtual, and diminished image, providing a much wider field of view.


(A)
Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(B)
Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(C)
Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false.
(D)
Assertion (A) is false but Reason (R) is true.
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2020 (17 questions)

Q1.

Directions: In the question below, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Choose the correct option:

Assertion (A): Electric current in a conductor is treated as a scalar physical quantity.

Reason (R): Although electric current has both magnitude and direction, it does not obey the laws of vector addition.


(A)
Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(B)
Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(C)
Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false.
(D)
Assertion (A) is false but Reason (R) is true.
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Q2.

Directions: In the question below, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Choose the correct option:

Assertion (A): An employer is vicariously liable for tortious civil wrongs committed by an employee during the authorized course of employment.

Reason (R): The doctrine of vicarious liability is founded on the legal maxims *respondeat superior* (let the master answer) and *qui facit per alium facit per se*.


(A)
Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(B)
Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(C)
Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false.
(D)
Assertion (A) is false but Reason (R) is true.
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2019 (12 questions)

Q1.

Directions: In the question below, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Choose the correct option:

Assertion (A): A convex mirror is commonly used as a driver's rear-view mirror in automobiles.

Reason (R): A convex mirror always forms an erect, virtual, and diminished image, providing a much wider field of view.


(A)
Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(B)
Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(C)
Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false.
(D)
Assertion (A) is false but Reason (R) is true.
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Q2.

Directions: In the question below, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Choose the correct option:

Assertion (A): A convex mirror is commonly used as a driver's rear-view mirror in automobiles.

Reason (R): A convex mirror always forms an erect, virtual, and diminished image, providing a much wider field of view.


(A)
Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(B)
Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(C)
Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false.
(D)
Assertion (A) is false but Reason (R) is true.
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2018 (17 questions)

Q1.

Directions: In the question below, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Choose the correct option:

Assertion (A): A convex mirror is commonly used as a driver's rear-view mirror in automobiles.

Reason (R): A convex mirror always forms an erect, virtual, and diminished image, providing a much wider field of view.


(A)
Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(B)
Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(C)
Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false.
(D)
Assertion (A) is false but Reason (R) is true.
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Q2.

Refer to the Case Study 'Case Study: Hazardous Enterprise and Supreme Court Doctrine of Absolute Liability' to answer:

Which statutory enactment was passed by the Indian Parliament following the Bhopal gas disaster and oleum gas leak?


(A)
The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986
(B)
The Factories Act, 1948
(C)
The Wildlife Protection Act, 1972
(D)
The Indian Penal Code, 1860
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2017 (18 questions)

Q1.

Directions: In the question below, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Choose the correct option:

Assertion (A): Heavy water ($D_2O$) is utilized as a moderator in thermal nuclear power reactors.

Reason (R): Deuterium nuclei slow down energetic fission neutrons through elastic collisions without substantial parasitic neutron absorption.


(A)
Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(B)
Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(C)
Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false.
(D)
Assertion (A) is false but Reason (R) is true.
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Q2.

Directions: In the question below, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Choose the correct option:

Assertion (A): Work done by an electrostatic field in moving a test charge along a closed path is zero.

Reason (R): The electrostatic Coulomb force is a conservative force whose line integral around any closed loop vanishes identically.


(A)
Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(B)
Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(C)
Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false.
(D)
Assertion (A) is false but Reason (R) is true.
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2016 (21 questions)

Q1.

Directions: In the question below, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Choose the correct option:

Assertion (A): An employer is vicariously liable for tortious civil wrongs committed by an employee during the authorized course of employment.

Reason (R): The doctrine of vicarious liability is founded on the legal maxims *respondeat superior* (let the master answer) and *qui facit per alium facit per se*.


(A)
Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(B)
Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(C)
Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false.
(D)
Assertion (A) is false but Reason (R) is true.
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Q2.

Directions: In the question below, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Choose the correct option:

Assertion (A): The Simon Commission was met with widespread nationwide boycotts and black flag protests upon landing in Bombay in 1928.

Reason (R): The British colonial government failed to appoint a single Indian representative to the seven-member Indian Statutory Commission.


(A)
Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(B)
Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(C)
Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false.
(D)
Assertion (A) is false but Reason (R) is true.
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2015 (19 questions)

Q1.

Refer to the Case Study 'Case Study: Hazardous Enterprise and Supreme Court Doctrine of Absolute Liability' to answer:

Which statutory enactment was passed by the Indian Parliament following the Bhopal gas disaster and oleum gas leak?


(A)
The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986
(B)
The Factories Act, 1948
(C)
The Wildlife Protection Act, 1972
(D)
The Indian Penal Code, 1860
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Q2.

Directions: In the question below, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Choose the correct option:

Assertion (A): The electrical conductivity of an intrinsic semiconductor increases with rise in temperature.

Reason (R): With increase in temperature, covalent bonds rupture, generating additional free conduction electrons and mobile holes.


(A)
Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(B)
Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(C)
Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false.
(D)
Assertion (A) is false but Reason (R) is true.
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